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Elasticsearch Guide [8.1] » Query DSL » Term-level queries » Range query
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Range query

Returns documents that contain terms within a provided range.

Example request

The following search returns documents where the age field contains a term between 10 and 20.

response = client.search(
  body: {
    query: {
      range: {
        age: {
          gte: 10,
          lte: 20,
          boost: 2
        }
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response
res, err := es.Search(
	es.Search.WithBody(strings.NewReader(`{
	  "query": {
	    "range": {
	      "age": {
	        "gte": 10,
	        "lte": 20,
	        "boost": 2.0
	      }
	    }
	  }
	}`)),
	es.Search.WithPretty(),
)
fmt.Println(res, err)
GET /_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "gte": 10,
        "lte": 20,
        "boost": 2.0
      }
    }
  }
}

Top-level parameters for range

<field>

(Required, object) Field you wish to search.

Parameters for <field>

gt
(Optional) Greater than.
gte
(Optional) Greater than or equal to.
lt
(Optional) Less than.
lte
(Optional) Less than or equal to.
format

(Optional, string) Date format used to convert date values in the query.

By default, Elasticsearch uses the date format provided in the <field>'s mapping. This value overrides that mapping format.

For valid syntax, see format.

If a format or date value is incomplete, the range query replaces any missing components with default values. See Missing date components.

relation

(Optional, string) Indicates how the range query matches values for range fields. Valid values are:

INTERSECTS (Default)
Matches documents with a range field value that intersects the query’s range.
CONTAINS
Matches documents with a range field value that entirely contains the query’s range.
WITHIN
Matches documents with a range field value entirely within the query’s range.
time_zone

(Optional, string) Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) offset or IANA time zone used to convert date values in the query to UTC.

Valid values are ISO 8601 UTC offsets, such as +01:00 or -08:00, and IANA time zone IDs, such as America/Los_Angeles.

For an example query using the time_zone parameter, see Time zone in range queries.

The time_zone parameter does not affect the date math value of now. now is always the current system time in UTC.

However, the time_zone parameter does convert dates calculated using now and date math rounding. For example, the time_zone parameter will convert a value of now/d.

boost

(Optional, float) Floating point number used to decrease or increase the relevance scores of a query. Defaults to 1.0.

You can use the boost parameter to adjust relevance scores for searches containing two or more queries.

Boost values are relative to the default value of 1.0. A boost value between 0 and 1.0 decreases the relevance score. A value greater than 1.0 increases the relevance score.

Notes

Using the range query with text and keyword fields

Range queries on text or keyword fields will not be executed if search.allow_expensive_queries is set to false.

Using the range query with date fields

When the <field> parameter is a date field data type, you can use date math with the following parameters:

  • gt
  • gte
  • lt
  • lte

For example, the following search returns documents where the timestamp field contains a date between today and yesterday.

response = client.search(
  body: {
    query: {
      range: {
        timestamp: {
          gte: 'now-1d/d',
          lt: 'now/d'
        }
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response
res, err := es.Search(
	es.Search.WithBody(strings.NewReader(`{
	  "query": {
	    "range": {
	      "timestamp": {
	        "gte": "now-1d/d",
	        "lt": "now/d"
	      }
	    }
	  }
	}`)),
	es.Search.WithPretty(),
)
fmt.Println(res, err)
GET /_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "timestamp": {
        "gte": "now-1d/d",
        "lt": "now/d"
      }
    }
  }
}
Missing date components

For range queries and date range aggregations, Elasticsearch replaces missing date components with the following values. Missing year components are not replaced.

MONTH_OF_YEAR:    01
DAY_OF_MONTH:     01
HOUR_OF_DAY:      23
MINUTE_OF_HOUR:   59
SECOND_OF_MINUTE: 59
NANO_OF_SECOND:   999_999_999

For example, if the format is yyyy-MM, Elasticsearch converts a gt value of 2099-12 to 2099-12-01T23:59:59.999_999_999Z. This date uses the provided year (2099) and month (12) but uses the default day (01), hour (23), minute (59), second (59), and nanosecond (999_999_999).

Numeric date range value

When no date format is specified and the range query is targeting a date field, numeric values are interpreted representing milliseconds-since-the-epoch. If you want the value to represent a year, e.g. 2020, you need to pass it as a String value (e.g. "2020") that will be parsed according to the default format or the set format.

Date math and rounding

Elasticsearch rounds date math values in parameters as follows:

gt

Rounds up to the first millisecond not covered by the rounded date.

For example, 2014-11-18||/M rounds up to 2014-12-01T00:00:00.000, excluding the entire month of November.

gte

Rounds down to the first millisecond.

For example, 2014-11-18||/M rounds down to 2014-11-01T00:00:00.000, including the entire month.

lt

Rounds down to the last millisecond before the rounded value.

For example, 2014-11-18||/M rounds down to 2014-10-31T23:59:59.999, excluding the entire month of November.

lte

Rounds up to the latest millisecond in the rounding interval.

For example, 2014-11-18||/M rounds up to 2014-11-30T23:59:59.999, including the entire month.

Example query using time_zone parameter

You can use the time_zone parameter to convert date values to UTC using a UTC offset. For example:

$params = [
    'body' => [
        'query' => [
            'range' => [
                'timestamp' => [
                    'time_zone' => '+01:00',
                    'gte' => '2020-01-01T00:00:00',
                    'lte' => 'now',
                ],
            ],
        ],
    ],
];
$response = $client->search($params);
resp = client.search(
    body={
        "query": {
            "range": {
                "timestamp": {
                    "time_zone": "+01:00",
                    "gte": "2020-01-01T00:00:00",
                    "lte": "now",
                }
            }
        }
    },
)
print(resp)
response = client.search(
  body: {
    query: {
      range: {
        timestamp: {
          time_zone: '+01:00',
          gte: '2020-01-01T00:00:00',
          lte: 'now'
        }
      }
    }
  }
)
puts response
res, err := es.Search(
	es.Search.WithBody(strings.NewReader(`{
	  "query": {
	    "range": {
	      "timestamp": {
	        "time_zone": "+01:00",
	        "gte": "2020-01-01T00:00:00",
	        "lte": "now"
	      }
	    }
	  }
	}`)),
	es.Search.WithPretty(),
)
fmt.Println(res, err)
const response = await client.search({
  body: {
    query: {
      range: {
        timestamp: {
          time_zone: '+01:00',
          gte: '2020-01-01T00:00:00',
          lte: 'now'
        }
      }
    }
  }
})
console.log(response)
GET /_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "timestamp": {
        "time_zone": "+01:00",        
        "gte": "2020-01-01T00:00:00", 
        "lte": "now"                  
      }
    }
  }
}

Indicates that date values use a UTC offset of +01:00.

With a UTC offset of +01:00, Elasticsearch converts this date to 2019-12-31T23:00:00 UTC.

The time_zone parameter does not affect the now value.
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